Humayun (1530-1556)
When Babur died in 1530, Humayun took over from him on 30th December 1530. He was 22 years old then. Humayun lacked the experience and the tough fiber necessary to consolidate a new dynasty.
1539 - Battle Of Chausa - Sher Shah defeated Humayun, and Humayun nearly got killed.
1540 - Battle of Kannauj - Sher Shah again defeated Humayun and this time Humayun fled to Persia.
Exile: Shah of Iran, Shah Tamasp gave him refuge in Persia, where he lived for about 15 years. During this exile, Humayun's Persian wife, Hamida Begum, a native of Turbat-I Shaykh Jam in Khurasan, gave birth to the future emperor Akbar.
Sher Shah Suri: who defeated Humayun and drove out the mughals, was considered to be one of the finest rulers India had ever known. He introduced important fiscal and monetary reforms. The most important one being the introduction of "Rupaiyya" or "Rupee". His administrative policies and other policies were so efficient that Akbar, the greatest of the Mughals, followed almost all of them. He ruled from 1940-1945. Sher Shah died on May 1945. After his death, the the kingdom survived for about nine years in the hands of his son, Islam Shah.
Return Of Humayun:
After the death of Islam Shah in 1553, the Suri kingdom was in shambles.
1554 - Humayun attacked the confused and divided state of Sur rulers
1555 - Claimed Delhi again. This was the return of the Mughal Empire.
Sudden Death (1556):
Tragedy struck the mughal empire when Humayun died in a freak accident in 1956, just 6 months after his return to power. He tripped and fell to his death while descending the steps after gazing at the stars (he was a keen astronomer) from the rooftop.
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